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Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(4)oct.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093847

RESUMO

Introducción: A finales de la segunda década del siglo XX, entre los años 1918 y 1919, a nivel mundial se propagó la pandemia de influenza que se conoce como gripe española. En Cuba causó una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, lo que motivó una gran preocupación en la población y las autoridades sanitarias del país. Objetivos: Caracterizar la epidemia de gripe de 1918-1919 en Cuba a partir del análisis de los documentos que se conservan sobre su evolución y medidas preventivas. Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa a partir del análisis documental como procedimientos para la aplicación del método teórico histórico-lógico. Se revisaron estadísticas, artículos, directrices y planes de enfrentamiento a la epidemia, de la dirección de Sanidad, e informes sobre su control. Resultados: Entre 1918 y 1920, se reportó la mayor mortalidad en Cuba por gripe. La morbilidad se recoge desde 1942, con cifra mayor en 1957 (tasa de 1419.86 x 105 habitantes), 1951 (6.92 x 105 habitantes), 1947 (5.88 x 105 habitantes). La mortalidad más elevada correspondió a los años 1918- 1920 (193,92 x 105 habitantes; 50,11 y 47,46). Conclusiones: La epidemia de gripe de 1918, causó en Cuba una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, se elaboraron planes adecuados de contingencia para frenarla, de acuerdo a su naturaleza y al desarrollo de los conocimientos científicos del momento(AU)


Introduction: At the end of the second decade of the 20th century, between the years 1918 and 1919, there was a global outbreak of influenza known as Spanish flu. In Cuba, it caused a high morbidity and mortality, which led to a great concern in the population and the health authorities of the country. Objective: To characterize the 1918-1919´s influenza epidemic in Cuba by analysing the documents preserved on its evolution and preventive measures. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out by performing a documentary analysis as a procedure for the implementation of the historical-logical theoretical method. There were reviewed statistics, articles, guidelines and plans of confrontation to the epidemic, and also reports on its control issued by the Health´s Directorate. Results: The epidemic was intense until early 1919; then it had some outbreaks with a relative frequency, but in a most benign form, until 1920. The morbidity data have records from 1942, with higher figures in 1957 (rate of 1419,86 x 105 inhabitants); 1951 (6.92 x 105 inhabitants); 1947 (5.88 x 105 inhabitants). The higher mortality rate corresponded to the years 1918-1920 (193.92 x 105 inhabitants; 50.11 and 47.46, respectively). Conclusions: The 1918´s Influenza Epidemic caused in Cuba a high morbidity and mortality. Adequate contingency plans were developed to halt it, according to its nature and the development of scientific knowledge at the time(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/história , Influenza Pandêmica, 1918-1919/história , Influenza Pandêmica, 1918-1919/mortalidade , Cuba
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